ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN

The founder of Christianity was a Jew named Jesus, who was born in Bethlehem, Palestine, between 8 and 4 BC. Tradition usually says that he was born in months December of the first year of the Christian era that is, the year 1 AD, will but it is now known that this is wrong. In the notes concerning Jesus - namely the Gospels, four di of which are contained in the new agreement written Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John - we are told he was born during the reign of King Herod and during the Kingdom Rome carried out a population census. Roman Empire carry out a population census once every fourteen years.

The first census took place in 6 AD; this means that The previous census began in 8 BC, during the reign The emperor Augustus and the lands of Judea were ruled by Kerenius we read in Luke 2: 1-5. We are also told of the star that led the wise men to the place of Jesus were, and astronomer Keppler, calculated that arose conjunction between Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars roughly a year 7 BC which gives the impression of being a bright new star bright. All of this data supports the conclusion that Jesus born between 8 and 4 BC. We can also oppose the opinion that Jesus was born in the month of Decembers because it is deep In Luke's gospel, there is a shepherd who tended his flocks at night (2: 8). But even in Palestine the weather is cold and sadju, so the time of birth must be outside winter because the shepherds won't come out at the time the. The more likely season is spring� or autumn.

Christians believe that the mother of Jesus, that is Mary, gave birth to Jesus in a virgin and state has not had intercourse with her husband, namely Joseph. The child born because of God's power through holy spirit. Catholics even believed that Mary remained a virgin after the birth of Jesus. The brothers and sisters of Jesus who are mentioned in Mark 6: 1-6 are the sons of Joseph previous marriage.

We don't know much about Jesus in those days children; his story began to be revealed a lot for the journey of his life after being in his thirties, moment baptized by Yahya. Yahya baptizes humans as their preparations for the arrival of the "savior;" when Jesus came, he refused to baptize Jesus with stated that Yahya did not deserve to baptize Jesus, even on the contrary it is he who deserves to be baptized. Yet Jesus remains asked Yahya to baptize himself; having baptized him isolate himself for 40 days and think of "interpreters what kind of survivors. As long as it's the devil tempted him, persuaded Jesus to be a hero for the Jewish nation, or won the support of his people through occult action or by fulfilling material satisfaction the Jewish nation. Jesus resisted this temptation, because He was aware that He must be the suffering "savior" who will died for his people.

After leaving the desert, he chose twelve people as friends and students. These students have backgrounds diverse hindsight: Peter and Andrew are brothers and poor fishermen; Yacob and Yahya, also brothers, are fishermen too, but more affluent; Matthew (or Levi) is tax collectors working for the Romans; there are members fanatical Zealots; and Judas Iscariot, the one who in the end betrayed Jesus and turned him over to enemy. Of the twelve students, Petrus, Yacob and Yahya is Jesus' closest friend.

In Mark 6: 1-6 Jesus is called "the carpenter," and from here it is assumed that before his fame, Jesus continued his father's profession as a carpenter. We don't know educational background even though he may have acquired the education of the Jewish monastic scholars, namely the Essenes, whose teachings are much like Christianity. But from the gospels we can see that he was is a human being who is intelligent, wise and full of humor. The teachings he conveyed through parables, fairy tales, short stories which contains deep meaning. Such teaching techniques this is what the rabbis go for because it is easier to catch meaning through short stories rather than passing long stories, or through long formal discussions. The stories or parables of Jesus are simple and hit right away, a story that is easy for anyone to listen to. Will but, he also uses preaching, and preaching that famous is the Sermon on the Mount (this sermon is not one long sermon, but is the essence taken from sayings of Jesus in various events).

Besides giving teachings, Jesus also healed many disease and even bringing the dead back to life. Gradually his name became famous throughout the country and people began whispering who he was. The first time Jesus claimed to be the "savior" who was long-awaited at Caesarea Phillippi. After him ask his students who he is called the crowd, he asked about who he was at the eyes of his students? Peter, who was a brave man, replied, "You are the savior." Since then Jesus began to introduce his teachings and commandments to the twelve students about the purpose of his arrival. Then he was given the name Christ which means "one who is anointed. "Immediately after the confession by Peter about him (Jesus) as "savior," he invites Peter, Yahya and Yacob to a hill, where the clothes and face of Jesus are become a shiny white glow and she communes with Prophet Elisha and Moses. This event was called the Transfiguration (body changes).

But during the three years of Jesus' mission, challenges against his teaching increased mainly from the Parisi and Sadducees. The Sadducees were a very small group of aristocrats influential who claimed to be descended from Solomon. The Parisi was formed at a time when the Greek Empire wante d exert influence in Palestine, and it is the Parisians who strongly opposed this (Hellenization) influence. Both groups these are, for different reasons, hostile to Jesus; the Parisi refused because the teachings of Jesus opposed the attitude of the people Parisi. We know the Jews really clung to them The 10 commandments of God, while Jesus renews interpretation about the meaning of the ten commandments. During over the years the law was turned into a doctrine underlies the teachings of Judaism, on which people are based

Jews to love God and others. For most the Parisi, tradition is more important than law, and Jesus was very outspoken against this attitude of the Parisi. People The Sadducees opposed Jesus because they cooperated with the Romans, and therefore they were very influential and enjoy privileges. They worried that Jesus could cause trouble which ends in that situation threatens their prestige and power.

After about three years, Jesus went to Jerusalem rides a donkey and is greeted as a liberator and interpreter congratulations, "because it coincided with the event the Easter feast and Jerusalem was crowded with people. Easter is the day eagerly awaited for arrival "savior" of the Jewish nation, so that the current atmosphere of Jesus entering the city was explosive. Then he entered the temple Allah and drive out all merchants, moneylenders and other people whom he deemed to pollute the holy place the. The residents are waiting for his next action, that is, proclaiming himself the future King expel ling Roman invaders; but that action long-awaited it never appeared. On the contrary Jesus held a banquet with his disciples, who were named the last supper (some scholars call it the Passover meal), after which he went to the Garden of Gethsemane. There he was caught by soldiers led by Judas Iscariot.

The first time after being arrested, Jesus was brought to the fore priests and was accused of blasphemy against God, a great crime in Jewish law, but because they can't sentenced to death, their decision must be passed by Roman rulers. Then Jesus was brought before the ruler, Pontius Pilate, and was accused of rebellion subversion and tax evasion; Pilate didn't want to punish the innocent, but caused the pressure of the priests and the anger of the Jews -that felt be deceived if Jesus doesn't show himself to be "savior" in the triumphant sense of war - he was forced to make an unpleasant decision Jesus was punished by crucifixion. The decision was implemented, and Jesus died after suffering three hours on cross. However, for the Christian Church, it is not the end, it is the beginning. Three days later Jesus rose from the death (three days based on Jewish-Jesus reckoning died Friday and rose Sunday). Ladies who went to her grave on Sunday morning to find her grave empty, but the clothes were still folded inside tomb. Then Jesus Himself appeared to they; then they ran to tell it to Jesus' disciples who previously doubted the resurrection of Jesus; but then believe it. Some moments later Jesus took them to a hill, bless them and they are taken up to heaven. Since that Jesus never appeared again on this earth.

Meanwhile Jesus' disciples could not determine their next steps. But on the day Pentecostals, at a time when they all gathered in Jerusalem, The Holy Spirit descended from heaven and perched on each of them they. Since then they have been transformed, no longer anxious and afraid, but have already become brave apostles roam the world with the good news about the Lord Jesus Christ. At first they hoped Jesus immediately appeared again, but it didn't happen thus.

This new faith soon spread throughout the old world. Remarkably, the most spectacular mission to spread the gospel not by one of Jesus' disciples but by Saul (Paul) of Tarsus, who was converted at while he's on his way to Damascus to arrest Christians; as a result of this conversion, he was traveled a lot for evangelism, experienced great suffering, even martyrdom for the sake of His faith wrote many letters of advice and strengthening of faith to the new churches he had founded, and the documents this, which is contained in the New Testament, is very important because it is one of the first Christian writings we have.

In those early years, this new teaching was still being held the Jews, but it turned out to be this new religion soon disappeared from among the Jews and was embraced by people outside of Jews. The separation between Jewish teachings and Christianity began to be real and the end was inevitable; Christians no longer celebrate holidays Jews and does not maintain Jewish traditions and culture. This separation was recognized at the Council of Jerusalem in 48 AD, at the time of the Judaistic restrictions against Christians who were not Jews enforced.

At first it was reluctantly tolerated by the Kingdom Roman, Christianism under the reign of Emperor Nero who really hated Christian teachings. Nero tried cornered Christians by alleging that the fire the great city of Rome due to the Christians (AD 64), as well killed Christians, including Peter and Paul. Many Christians believe that with the death of these apostles, and the death of those who were personally about Christ, it is necessary to make a record written about the life of Christ. For forty years next there is still much written about Jesus, but only four of which are recognized in the New Testament. However this act of murder wasn't the last one, in fact increased during the reign of Emperor Domitian (AD 81-96). For two hundred years Christian teaching was a doctrine illegal until finally Emperor Constantine, after seeing bright light at night before committing a battle, which includes the cross with the inscription "with this sign you are conquered, "gives legal rights to Christians in the year 313 AD and made religion Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire. What happened to this young church during that time full of difficulties? Challenges arise from a variety direction, but its spread is accelerating. Although at first Jerusalem is considered a sacred center, but attitude the enmity shown by the Jews who control of Jerusalem prompted the removal of the Christian center; first to Antioch, shifted to Rome. During the period Konstantine, Christianity is getting stronger and more institutionalized. One of the first problems to be solved is the problem of the Trinity, Christian belief in the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit, who are essentially identical but separate one another. Many different opinions were raised for answer the problem of the Trinity, and in 325 Constantine asks First Nicaea Council to discuss this issue with accurate, namely 'Aryan Heresy' which states that Christ created by God to assist in the creation of this world, and received divine status from God, so it is not the same essence with God. His divine status can be revoked God. This council gave birth to Nicene Creed a form is used today and includes the words:

- We believe in one God, Almighty God, the creator of the heavens and the earth, visible as well as those invisible.

- We believe in Jesus Christ, the only child of God, that was sent down by God the Father, not created, one with God the Father.

- We believe in the Holy Spirit, God, the giver of life, derived from God, Father and son.

Then the church was faced with a host of problems, mainly internal problems. Western and Eastern Rome began to separate farther and farther away and finally completely separated. Indeed cause This separation is not just the above, because there are still many points of division between West and East. Compared with Western Christianity, Eastern Christianity is more emphasized icons. Icons are flat images on wood, ivory or other materials, showing Jesus, the Virgin Mary, or other saints and instituted in the Greek Church. During the eighth century, icons were prohibited by Emperor Leo III, but strong protests led to this ban being lifted at the seventh General Assembly which took place in Nicaea year 787. This appears to be the victory of the Eastern Church. However the divide between the two will not be resolved by the congregation these and these problems came to the fore in the 11th century on when Rome received an additive gift to Nicene Creed, something the Eastern Church disapproves of. Additional it is "and child" after the phrase "we believe in the Spirit Holy, the life-giving God, who was sent down from Allah Father ... "So, the Eastern Churches don't accept that The Holy Spirit was sent down from God the Father and Son, but only from God the Father. On this issue East and West completely do not have a meeting point and cause separation of 1054, because the Pope's representatives put letters of excommunication on the altar of St. Sophia on Constantinople. Since then the Roman Catholic Church has emerged Greek Orthodox Church. The doctrinal elements make up them remains separate: the Catholic Church is ruled by one branch leader called the Pope, while the Orthodox Church leaving the leadership in the hands of the bishops or patriarch; the view of the Holy Spirit is also different, the Church The Orthodox still give an important position for icons in worship, the servants of the church are allowed to marry, and others.

Soon thereafter, namely in 1096, Pope Urban II organizing the Catholic Church into a uniform pattern which lasted for nearly 200 years - the army of the cross. Initially formed for two purposes, namely reducing Turkish pressure on the Eastern Empire and to guarantee safety of the pilgrims visiting Jerusalem, soldiers the cross immediately degrades ideals; they want free Jerusalem from Muslim rule.

The Catholic Church continued to play an important role throughout the centuries mid. Based in Rome, the Pope is in power supreme, which transcends the power of kings and queens. However from the end of the fourteenth century challenges began against the Pope's immense power. Movement arises the reforms that began the Lollards and Hussites; this movementturned into a serious threat to Church supremacy Catholic when in 1617, a priest named Martin Luther strongly opposed the church's sale of aflat letters. He then rejects the supremacy of the Pope, denies it

transubstantiation, as well as encouraging the German aristocrats to rebel and separate their powers. Para nobles, who were previously diluted with control by The Church and the Pope, need a little encouragement and a lot on between them soon joined by Martin Luther.

Luther's actions were the beginning of the growth of various sects was based on Luther's core doctrines but developed accordingly with the paths taken by each sect. View Luther got formalization in the Lutheran Church thrives in Germany, Scandinavia and America. However Luther was at odds with his former allies against Pope. One of his former supporters, Zwingli, is developing the Eucharistic view that led to Luther and Zwingli split up.

The influence of the Reformation spread throughout Europe. The reformer another, John Calvin, broke away from the Roman Catholic Church 1533. His views were almost the same as Luther's, however he believes there are certain gifts for the group certain. Calvin's followers spread in Germany, Negeri Holland, Scotland, Switzerland, North America and quite influential in England.

Britain also followed the advice of reformers but with slightly different motives. Year 1521 King Henry VIII has issued a treaty which attacked Luther who earned him the title Defender of the Faith from the Pope. However, King Henry VIII was eager to marry Anne's daughter But before he could marry Anne, Boleyn had to divorce Catherine of Aragon. Unfortunately the Pope didn't approve the divorce (Rome was influenced by Catherine's brothers in Spain, country of origin Catherine) and Henry were forced to abandon the power of the Pope in 1534. Then he declared himself the head Church of England, and can break her marriage to Catherine. Teaching "Thirty-nine chapters," that is concerning matters that are controversial and revealing what is the position of the Church of England on the matter divorce, issued in 1571 during reign of Queen Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry. Church Britain recognizes the kingdom as head of the church, not the Pope,also rejects transubstantiation, egates monasteries as well replaces Latin with English for used in the Church.

But the reaction to Rome still had not taken shape the most extreme. In the seventeenth century, George Fox, from Leicestershire (England), began spreading the teachings that humans can relate to God without doing a ritualist 'decoration' (ceremony) prescribed by Catholic churches, and that churches that have been refurbishment hasn't gone far enough into denial they are of ceremonial and ecclesiastical hierarchy. A Christians, according to George Fox do not need priests or pastor / pastor, and also don't need a temple. Not the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church are of use; not any sacrament is required. Fox then started spread his teachings and made various trips to inland areas. In general, when it was founded The Fox movement is thought to have occurred in 1652, that is, the time the occurrence of its very successful service for the first time time. His followers were called "Quakers," or "The Guild Friends. "They haven't until now have temples except for houses of worship, and in their services do not have a liturgy, but instead, everyone can talk when they feel that they are have something worthwhile to say, without pay attention or care about how old you want speaking and what position in society.

Various new developments have taken place in the UK on the period after the Civil War. Many people don't think so happy with the unification of church and state by Henry VIII, but during the Commonwealth period (Commonwealth period) in England, they were relieved see that both things (church and state) have separated back. However, with the ascension of Charles II became prince, the Uniformity Act was passed on in 1662 which restored the status quo and ordered all pastors to receive the "Prayer Book Together. "The priests who refused to accept (because of it is called Non-Conformis) the provisions of the Act these will be expelled from their Congregation and persecuted. Thing this lasted until the issuance of the law Tolerance in 1689 which gives them some legal rights (legal). As a result, the development of the Baptist Church and The united Reformed Church experienced rapid development. The Baptist Church, founded by John Smith, considers that infant baptism is against the Bible's commandments. Only adults have understood the meaning of an oath it is spoken that can be baptized. They also tried to ensure that the congregation is actively involved in the journey Church,and imitating the Acts of the apostles by lifting deacons from among the congregation (see Acts 6: 1-6) to help direct and guide the church the. The Joint Reformed Church is a coalition of English Presbyterian Church (which developed from teaching Calvin) and the Church of England and Wales based on the teachings of other reformers who had spread his teachings in Calvin's day, that is Robert Browne (1550-1633). Regardless of those views They are very alike, but attempt to unite these groups did not succeed until 1972 with the formation of the United Reformed Church.

The Methodist Church was originally a movement in the Church of England. Its founder, John Wesley (1703-1791), still refuses to separate from its mother church. Will however, after his death, it was realized that the Methodist Church can no longer be included in the Church of England, and then broke away in 1795. John Wesley and his brother Charles, through their rigorous and methodical studies against the Gospels (so they are called by name Methodist), feeling that salvation comes only because God's love and grace, not by an act or human kindness.

Towards the end of the nineteenth century, there was a wave or another zeal for religious concern. This matter partly due to the scientific discoveries of the century it is threatening various beliefs that are up to time it has been accepted as a religious truth which is not arguable (for example, regarding the paradise garden and the problem creation). In this case, the reaction from the Enlightenment (Enlightement) in previous years also played a role. The result was the emergence of many separate sects themselves from their mother church, as happened in the Reformation which gave rise to the churches that were renewed which separates itself from the Catholic faith. In England, the Salvation Army is growing as a force great, not only because of his religious observance, but also because of his reforms and social assistance. Below leadership of William Booth (1829-1912), Salvation Army it broke away from the Methodist church in years 1865 and formed himself a stylish organization military because the group thinks of itself as war armies of God and fighting social injustice. Compared to most of the Church sects, they were very pay little attention to the sacrament, even though they receive that some Christians may see the sacrament is a help and assistance.

In America there was also a religious upheaval thus. In 1830, Mormon, or the Church of Jesus Christ of Last Day Saints, formed by Joseph Smith (1805-1844) who claimed to have experienced a revelation Lord, find the gold tablets written in the Book Mormons, which is the holy book of Mormons. At first this Mormon teaching was forbidden because their views that deviate from the teachings Christians and their practice of polygamy, but this Mormons crept across America and finally settled in Salt Lake City, where their headquarters is located until now.

The spiritual school started there in 1848 when two people female, namely Fox's two-year-old sister fifteen and fifteen, causing an uproar in between, residents of their city, Arcadia, New York State, claiming that they have been able to communicate with spirits. Although some have stated that these noises are combined voices the two girls, but they (the townspeople such) gathered so much in support of that The Spiritual Church was founded. Spiritual followers believe, apart from ordinary Christian views, that, through them, advice and guidance can be found.

Seventh-day Adventists are also starting to exist in America, that is built its reputation in 1860, and after that This sect quickly spread throughout the world. Different from other Christian sects, they make the seventh day as the Sabbath (ie, they keep it as it is done by the Jews, starting at the moment of the sun sets on Friday until the sun sets Saturday). Just like the Baptists, they only baptize adults, and also make restrictions regarding what the congregation can eat and drink. For example, they should not drink alcohol and eat shellfish food. Before concluding this review, three other Christian groups should be mentioned namely: Christian Science, Jehovah's Witnesses, and the Pentecostal movement.

Christian Science was founded by Mrs. Mary Baker Eddy on in 1 879, which maintained that the only reality it's just the mind and everything else is illusion.

Therefore disease should not be treated with drugs, however must be healed by practicing right thinking.

Jehovah's Witnesses, founded by C.T. Russell, sure that the second coming of Jesus and the end of this world will be happens in the not too distant future, and when it does happened then only an elite group survived, namely the Jehovah's Witness group itself. They have Al-Kitab with their own translation and theirs set aside a lot of time, effort, and money for missionary activities.

The last one, namely the Pentecostal movement, which originated from a mission in Los Angeles in 1906 carried out by W.J. Seymour, teaches that every Christian can experience the presence of the Holy Spirit within them alone and receive spiritual gifts. Therefore Pentecostal service is a very ceremony emotional, where the congregation becomes possessed by Rohul Holy and seems to speak in tongues (speaking in tongues), as did the disciples of Jesus who first. Although the Pentecostal movement already has a church itself, but this movement has also influenced other aspects of the (Christian) Church, and in the Church The Catholic movement was also influential with its emergence the so-called Charismatic movement, Catholics intend to receive the Holy Spirit in themselves.

This paper is not intended to be in depth Christian sects, even this paper does not mention all sects that exist, because there are many movements and the different schools of thought in the Christian Church. The author is just trying to put in the background the most pervasive historical and theological sect.

The History of Christian Doctrine History of the Development of the Doctrine of the Trinity L. Berkhof Publisher CV. New Rays First printing: 1992 Bandung

Source: https://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/kmi/kristen/History/Asal-usul.html